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Ionospheric and atmospheric error can cause when the signal path from the satellite to the receiver passes through the ionosphere and the troposphere. The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere characterized by high ion density, it starts at 70-80 km above the earths surface. The troposphere is the lower part of the atmosphere stretching [...]
Archive for the ‘Navigation’ Category
SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM VARIOUS ERROR SOURCES
Posted by author on August 11th, 2008
Posted in Navigation 
Tags: absolute accuracy, atmosphere, density, dynamic conditions, earths surface, equator, gps receiver, humidity, interaction, ionosphere, mathematical model, pressure temperature, range error, relative speed, satellite, signal path, signals, troposphere, water vapour, weather systems 
No Comments »SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM
Posted by author on August 7th, 2008
The wide acceptance of man made satellites first came into the public awareness on the 4th October 1957 when the Soviet Union the first satellite named Sputnik1 into close orbit around the earth. This small satellite by present day standard weighing some 185 pounds was place into earths orbit with an apogee(the first point of [...]
Emergency Steering from the Bridge and Engine Room
Posted by author on June 23rd, 2008
Emergency steering from bridge.
Give rudder order by the emergency steering tiller.
Start additional steering gear pump
Reduce speed (propeller pitch)
Inform Master and Chief Engineer.
Emergency steering in steering-gear room
On receiving order from the bridge for emergency steering, duty engineer shall immediately proceed to the steering gear room.
Start steering-gear pump nr 2 (stb), supplied via emergency switchboard.
Make contact with [...]
Posted in Navigation Tags: bridge, chief engineer, duty engineer, emergency switchboard, propeller pitch, rudder, speed propeller, stb, tiller, walkie talkie No Comments »Emergency Propeller Manoeuvring from the Bridge and Engine Room
Posted by author on June 23rd, 2008
CALL MASTER AT ONCE
Telephone
Inform the engine room per telephone.
Hold the telephone line between the bridge and the engine room open.
Reduce the propeller pitch to 0.
Go over to manual steering.
Press Control Room Manoeuvre push button on Responsibility Control Panel.
Control the propeller pitch from ECR.
Give manoeuvre orders to ECR via regular or non-battery telephone.
Engine Telegraph
Inform the engine [...]
Posted in Navigation Tags: anchor, bridge press, change pitch, control panel, ecr, engine control room, light man, pitch control, propeller pitch, revs, telegraph, telephone line No Comments »Stowaways
Posted by author on June 23rd, 2008
Stowaways on board can cause great difficulties for the ship’s Captain . It is not uncommon for stowaways to cause the Company considerable costs in connection with repatriation, fines to immigration authorities, escort costs etc. The problem is greatest in African and South and Central American ports.
The ship’s P&I insurance in principle covers costs for [...]
Posted in Navigation Tags: american ports, immigration authorities, repatriation, stowaways No Comments »
