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Ionospheric and atmospheric error can cause when the signal path from the satellite to the receiver passes through the ionosphere and the troposphere. The ionosphere is the part of atmosphere characterized by high ion density, it starts at 70-80 km above the earths surface. The troposphere is the lower part of the atmosphere stretching [...]
Posts Tagged ‘density’
SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM VARIOUS ERROR SOURCES
Posted by author on August 11th, 2008
Posted in Navigation 
Tags: absolute accuracy, atmosphere, density, dynamic conditions, earths surface, equator, gps receiver, humidity, interaction, ionosphere, mathematical model, pressure temperature, range error, relative speed, satellite, signal path, signals, troposphere, water vapour, weather systems 
No Comments »Under Keel Clearance
Posted by author on June 23rd, 2008
Under Keel Clearance – the distance between the deepest point of the vessel’s hull and the sea bed.
UKC – Under Keel Clearance
Voyage Plan – a document prepared by the Navigation Officer, giving details about the intended voyage.The Navigation Officer is responsible for ensuring that correct UKC is applied at the various stages of a voyage, [...]
Posted in Navigation, Operation and Maintenance of Bridge Equipmant Tags: current conditions, density, draught, environmental conditions, estimates, extreme caution, handeling, hydrographic data, inland waters, keel, navigation officer, oow, pipelines, reliability, sea bed, tidal height, tidal predictions, ukc, wave phenomena, weather 2 Comments »Discharging
Posted by author on June 12th, 2008
Planning and carrying out discharging operations shall be done according to recommen-dations in ISGOTT.
Planning
Prior to each discharging operation, all available information shall be collected on the conditions of the discharging operation, such as limitations in discharging speed, maximum back pressure etc.
The Chief Officer establishes a detailed discharging plan that shows the following in a way [...]
Posted in Cargo Handling Operations Tags: absorbent material, back pressure, bolts, buckets, butterworth, cargo pumps, chief officer, confusion, density, drain valves, emergency stop, empty tanks, fire control, fire extinguishers, fire hoses, foam gun, gangway, good time, grounding cable, hatches, hoses, information sheet, ISGOTT, land and sea, loading arms, loading rate, loose objects, notice of readiness, quantities, rags, safety check, scuppers, sea side, several different types, signboard, tank inspection, tanks, tunes, windows and doors No Comments »Hazards of Petroleum
Posted by author on May 21st, 2008
In order to appreciate the reasons for the practices adopted to ensure safety in tanker and terminal operations, all personnel should be familiar with the flammable properties of petroleum, the effects of the density of petroleum gases and their toxic properties.
FLAMMABILITY
When petroleum is ignited, it is the gas progressively given off by the liquid [...]
Posted in ISGOTT Tags: air, density, etroleum, flammable, flammable limit, flashpoint, gas, gases, limit, liquid, liquids, lower, lower flammable limit, petroleum gas, petroleum gases, smell, vapour, vapour pressure, volatile, volume No Comments »Planning of Loading
Posted by author on May 11th, 2008
Initial cargo quantity request received
Calculate quantity vessel is able to load, taking into consideration the following elements :
Posted in Cargo Handling Operations Tags: airdraft, bending moment, breadth, conn, density, diesel, draught, dw, elements, eta load port, initial loading, manifold pressure, maximum length, owner operator, ports, rim, segregation, sg, shear forces, taking into consideration, tank volume, tanks, temperatures No Comments »
